Hub vs Switch: Understanding the Key Differences
In home networking, hubs, switches, and routers are commonly used. However, hubs and switches look similar, which often causes confusion. Therefore, understanding their differences becomes essential. Below, we explain how hubs and switches work.

What Is a Network Hub?

Before understanding a hub, basic networking must be explained. Initially, two computers could connect directly using network cards. However, twisted pair cables support only 100 meters. As distance increases, signal strength gradually decreases.

Therefore, repeaters were introduced to regenerate weak signals. Later, hubs evolved from repeaters. In fact, a hub is a multi-port repeater. It regenerates signals and forwards them to all ports.

Typically, hubs offer 4, 8, 16, or more RJ45 ports. As a result, multiple devices can connect centrally. Because of this structure, hubs operate at the network center.

What Is a Network Switch?

A network switch works differently from a hub. It processes data internally before forwarding packets. Moreover, it identifies destination addresses automatically. Therefore, data is sent only to the correct port.

Unlike hubs, switches reduce unnecessary data transmission. Consequently, network efficiency improves significantly. In general, switches actively manage communication paths.

Key Differences Between Hubs and Switches

1. OSI Layer Difference

First, hubs operate at the physical layer. They only regenerate and transmit signals. In contrast, switches work at the data link layer. Therefore, switches analyze and manage data frames. 

2. Working Mode Difference

Next, hubs use broadcast transmission. Thus, all ports receive the same data. As a result, broadcast storms may occur. However, switches forward data selectively.

Only source and destination ports communicate. Therefore, network collisions are effectively reduced.

3. Bandwidth and Performance Difference

Additionally, hubs share total bandwidth across all ports. Thus, only one data transmission occurs at a time. Moreover, hubs support only half-duplex mode.

In comparison, switches allocate independent bandwidth per port. Therefore, multiple transmissions occur simultaneously. Switches also support full-duplex communication.

Conclusion

In summary, hubs and switches serve different networking needs. Hubs offer simple signal forwarding with limited performance. However, switches provide smarter data control and higher efficiency. Therefore, for modern networks, switches remain the better choice.